PSY504 Midterm Past Papers by Pari

Levels of category · Basic Level Category: · Subordinate Category: · Superordinate Category: · Stages of development of Piaget · 1. Sensorimotor stage 0-2 · 2. Preoperational stage 2-7 · 3. Concrete operational stage 7-11 · 4. Formal operational stage 11 onwards

Write the names of three groups of psychologists who did experiments on road accidents according to automaticity?

Accident prone drivers: 2 or more severe accidents in one year

Accident-free drivers: no accidents in the same period · Intermediate drivers: in-between the two groups · Name of 2 eidetic imagery scientist · Anees A. Shaikh & Dr. Akhtar Ahsan · Memory inferences scientist · Brewer & Treyens · Automatic influence where people change their attention · Enduring Disposition

Who discovered ganglion cells?

Kuffler in 1953

Sperling conducted experiments on

An experiment was conducted by Sperling in the field of visual sensory memory.

We are living in past, not in passive term. We receive auditory information that is how much seconds old?

Receive visual information that is one second old, auditory information that is 5 seconds old.

Two undergraduate Gray and Wedderburn conducted experiments on where?

At Oxford in 1960

Definition of Good form

It is a type of closure. We fill in the gaps perceive form rather than disconnected lines.

Which is advantage of automaticity?

 Helps us make decisions with little effort Protects us from information overload

Who gave object perception?

Marr & Nishihara (1978)

Gestalts are the basically principal of?

Gestalt principles are basically principles of perception.

What brain imaging technique is better?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI is better imaging technique

Difference between recognition and recall

The first process is recognition the second involves recall. Recognition refers to our ability to recognize, while recall gets back the related details from memory.

Schema n house example (long)

Schemas represent the structure of an object, on various attributes. In House, it is Building. Building has walls, roof, it is built on the ground etc

Jean Piaget's theory and assumption about child (long)

Theory: Piaget proposed his cognitive development theory in that Piaget focused on the biological maturation of cognitive abilities. Assumption: Child is naturally curious. Child wants to explore things.

Visual pathways (long)

The visual pathway can be simply described as starting from the retina where the image is formed to the optic nerve.

Pq4r method

This is also an important technique it is consisted on these phases. Preview, Questions, Read, Reflect, Recall, Review

Enlist 3 names of any attention theories

Early Selection vs. Late Selection,, Capacity & Stage of Selection,, Multimode Theory

Difference in short term memory and long term memory with accuracy and capability Memory that we use to function is called short term memory. Long Term Memory is an infinite storehouse. Short Term Memory is limited in capacity.

Diff between automatic and controlled process in task int

Automatic processes complete themselves without conscious control by the subject. Controlled processing requires conscious control

Question about task interference which is programmed in that scenario

Automatic processes should not interfere with each other because they require little or no capacity. Effortful processes should interfere with each other because they require considerable capacity.

Similarity

This law says that same things are considered one thing. Similar items tend to be organized together.

Hasher and Zacks proposed how much criterion for automaticity?

Hasher & Zacks (1979) proposed five criteria to distinguish between automatic and controlled or effortful processes

Explain multimode theory?

A theory that proposes the people’s intentions and demands of the task determine at information processing stage.

What is grammar and kinds of violations?

A set of structure rules for language.

Kinds of violations: Reject semantic violations

Reject phonological violations

Available capacity will allocated to attention depending on the state of?

Available capacity of attention will be allocated depending on the state of arousals. So there is allocation policy. Then there are some possible activities.

Waugh n Norman’s experiment (long)

They varied the number of interfering items. They varied the rate as 1 digit or 4 digits per second. The purpose of varying the rate of presentation was that they thought when we vary the presentation then we can capture time factor.

Subsidiary task

Write about gestalt principles proximity, similarity and good continuation?

Proximity: The law of proximity says that items which are close together in space or time tend to be perceived as belonging together or forming an organized group. Similarity: This law says that same things are considered one thing. Similar items tend to be organized together. Good continuation: The tendency to perceive a line that starts in one way as continuation in the same way.

Theory of Palmer

Palmer found that subjects could recognize the parts most rapidly when they were the segments predicted by the Gestalt principles

Sperling's partial report procedure

In Sperling's experiment the same array of letter was presented to the subjects but the subjects were asked to report the letters according to the cue. After the array was turned off, a tune was sounded high, medium or low. High tone cue for top row, Medium tone cue for middle row, Low tone cue for Bottom row

Why Penfield experiment discounted by scientists

Unfortunately, it is hard to know whether the patient’s memory reports were accurate, since going back in time to check on whether the events reported actually occurred was nearly impossible. Therefore, although suggestive, the Penfield experiments are generally discounted by memory researchers. Even so, the question of forgotten memories and its importance remains the same.