PSY511 Final Term Highlighted Handouts by Psychologists Community

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Get Paid Service · Assignment/GDB/Practical/Project/Internship · LESSON 23 · PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS

We will begin lesson 23 by reviewing lecture 22 and further discussing the following topics related to Stress:

➢ Definition of Stress. (already discussed in detail in lecture 22) ➢ Cause and Effect. (already discussed in detail in lecture 22) ➢ Appraisal (already discussed in detail in lecture 22) ➢ Arousal from the perspective of the Physiology of Stress.

Physiology of Stress and Arousal

Stress is a natural response to various stimuli in our environment, whether positive or negative. When faced with demands or changes in our surroundings, our bodies undergo physiological changes to adapt and respond effectively. These changes are orchestrated by complex systems within our brains and bodies. It is crucial to understand the physiology of Stress, as when we experience stress, our body undergoes various changes such as increased heartbeat and blood circulation. These bodily changes are reactions that prepare us to deal with environmental stressors. This process is commonly referred to as arousal. So, let’s delve into arousal from the perspective of the physiology of stress.

Arousal

Arousal refers to a stirred-up state of mind in which we are inclined towards certain types of actions. In this state, we are either thinking about or being driven toward specific actions to address a scenario. Arousal can result from excitement, anger, or fear, signaling that our body is ready for action.

Adaptation: Hormones and Biological Systems

Arousal serves as our defense mechanism to cope with changes in our environment, preparing us to deal with significant and drastic environmental changes. Therefore, there must be a system within our body that triggers this entire mechanism. This system includes various organs and components, such as:

• Different types of hormones.
• Different types of organs in the central, peripheral, and autonomous nervous systems.

The nervous system components involved in this process include the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, reticular formation, limbic system, and autonomic nervous system. These organs and systems activate to prepare us to address environmental challenges.

Reticular Formation

The reticular formation plays a crucial role in the physiology of arousal. Its primary function is to induce a state of readiness in the organism, indicating that the individual is prepared and quick to act. For example, before the start of a race, athletes assume their positions and await the starting signal. At this moment, they are in an increased state of readiness, with their bodies primed for action. Inside their bodies, the reticular activating system (RAS) functions are triggered, resulting in heightened metabolism rates and increased heartbeats to supply energy to the muscles. In such