PSY511 Final Term Questions Answers by Mehar

Psy511 (Environmental Psychology)

Final Term Questions Answer)

Q1. What Is Urbanization? Particularly Focus on Female Migrants (5 Marks)

Answer: Urbanization refers to the increasing movement of people from rural to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities.

For female migrants, urbanization often offers:

Employment opportunities (e.g., in domestic work or factories)

Access to education and health facilities

But also increases exposure to poverty, gender-based violence, and lack of housing

Understanding female migration is important for developing inclusive urban policies and gender-sensitive planning.

Q2. How Can Energy Consumption Techniques Be Used in Construction and Building? (5 Marks)

Answer: Energy-saving construction methods include:

1. Use of natural lighting and ventilation

2. Insulation materials to reduce heating/cooling energy
3. Solar panels to generate renewable energy
4. Smart building design (e.g., passive solar design)
5. Energy-efficient appliances and systems

These techniques help reduce environmental impact and promote sustainability in urban development.

Q3. Enlist Three Eco-Friendly Contributions (3 Marks)

1. Tree plantation to improve air quality
2. Recycling waste materials like plastic and paper
3. Using public transport or cycling instead of personal cars

These actions help protect the environment and reduce the carbon footprint.

Q4. When Individual and Group Conflict Increases, How Is Conformity Affected? (3 Marks)

Answer: When conflict between individual and group rises, conformity usually decreases.

The individual may resist group norms due to disagreement or mistrust Increased conflict leads to independent decision-making This reduces group cohesion and collective behavior

Such environments lower the tendency to follow peer pressure or majority views.

Q5. Hans Selye’s Three Stages of Stress Appraisal (3 Marks)

Answer: Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) includes:

1. Alarm Stage: Body detects stress and initiates fight-or-flight response
2. Resistance Stage: Body tries to cope and adapt to ongoing stress
3. Exhaustion Stage: Body’s resources deplete, leading to burnout or illness

These stages explain how stress affects both physiological and psychological health.

Q6. Define Urban Sprawl and Why Is It Important to Study? (3 Marks)

Answer: Urban sprawl is the unplanned, uncontrolled spread of urban development into rural areas.

Leads to traffic congestion, loss of agricultural land, and increased pollution Studying it helps in sustainable city planning, infrastructure development, and preserving natural resources

It’s crucial for balanced urban growth.

Q7. Is Stress a Stimulus or a Response? (3 Marks)

Answer: Stress can be viewed as both:

Stimulus: An external event or demand causing tension (e.g., job loss) Response: The body’s physical or emotional reaction (e.g., anxiety, headache)

Modern psychology often treats stress as a transaction between the individual and their

Q8. What Is the Purpose of Prison? (5 Marks)

Answer: Prisons serve several purposes:

1. Punishment: Penalizing unlawful behavior
2. Deterrence: Discouraging the offender and society from crime
3. Rehabilitation: Helping inmates reintegrate through education and therapy
4. Protection: Keeping dangerous individuals away from society
5. Justice: Ensuring law and order are upheld

Modern views also emphasize reform and human rights in prisons.

Q9. Explain Collins’ Crowding and Its Effects (5 Marks)

Answer: Collins’ theory of crowding emphasizes psychological discomfort due to limited space and social intrusion.

Effects of crowding:

Increased stress and aggression Decreased productivity and focus Mental fatigue, especially in urban environments Affects privacy and control over personal space

Crowding impacts interpersonal behavior, mental health, and overall well-being.

Q10. Asian People Are More Tolerant – Explain in Terms of Life Span (5 Marks)

Answer: Asian cultures often promote:

Collectivism and family support, reducing emotional burden Meditation and spiritual practices, which lower stress Respect for elders and calm conflict resolution, enhancing emotional regulation

These factors contribute to higher tolerance and potentially longer, healthier lifespans compared to high-stress, individualistic societies.

Q11. Hans Eysenck’s Types of Personality (3 Marks)

Answer: Hans Eysenck proposed three major personality types: