ZOO403 Midterm and Final Term Subjective by Bit E Hawa

Zoo403 Final Term Subjective Questions · BINT_E_HAWA · Important Question for subjective · Midterm 2021-2022

Q1. What is associative behavior? (2 marks)

Associative Learning “A learning that involves making associations between experiences”

Example

• A mouse bites a brightly colored caterpillar
• It tastes bad
• Mouse avoids attacking insects of similar color in future.

 Associative Learning

• Ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as a foul taste)

Q2. Two examples of morphological response . (2 marks)

Example:

• Chameleon change color when it feel threatened.
• Arctic hare change its coat color from blue-grey to white for better camouflage during winters and turn again to blue-grey in spring

Q3. What is learned behavior? (3 marks)

Thorpe defined learning as a long lasting adaptive change in behavior resulting from past experience; hence it is acquired during the life time of an individual

Learned behaviors

• It is hardwired, however, not purely genetic, may improve with experience.
• FAP is triggered by an external sensory stimulus known as “sign stimulus”.

Q5. Explanation of innate behavior with example. (5 marks)

i. automatic, fixed, “built-in”, no “learning curve”

ii. despite different environments, all individuals exhibit the behavior

iii. Examples: Early survival, reproduction, kinesis, taxis.

Examples ·  Web making in spiders ·  Nest building in birds ·  Fighting among male stickleback fish

Q6. . Imprinting. (5 marks)

“Formation of a long-lasting behavioral attachment to a particular individual or object at a specific stage in life”

• A type of learning behavior
• A very young animal develops attachment with the very first object it has visual, auditory or tactile experience
• It thereafter follows that object

Example

• Seagulls
• Sensitive period for a parent to bond with its young lasts one to two days
• If bonding does not occur, parent will not care for the infant, leading to death of the offspring

Imprinting—Example

• Classic experiment of Konard Lorenz with geese
• Konard Lorenz made goslings to imprint on him
• Goslings followed him as though he was their mother

7).Habitat of dolphin. (2)

Dolphins are found all over the world; generally in shallow cold waters as well as the warm tropical waters

8).Kinesis (2)

Kinesis: “a change in activity or turning rate in response to a change in location”.

Kinesis—Example:

• Kinesis in sow bugs in response to variation in humidity.
• Move more rapidly in dry areas and become slow in humid areas.
• They survive better in moist areas.

9). Enlist the type of learning. (3)

•  Habituation
•  Classical conditioning
•  Trial and error learning
•  Latent learning
•  Insight
•  Reasoning
•  Cognition

10)... Characteristics of learned behaviors. (3)

•  Acquired during the life of an organism due to constant experience
•  Experience dependent and can be modified through experience
•  Learning is flexible
•  Learning behaviour differs from individual to individual, to individual among the same species hence not species specific