ZOO501 Final Term Past Papers by Arham

OBJECTIVEs

1. The rudiment of the central nervous system, is called________ Neurulation. 2. Archenteron is used for ___________Primitive Gut 3. Spiral holoblastic cleavage is characteristic of several animal groups including annelid,worms, some flatworms, And most mollusks……in snail 4. In sea urchins, cell fates are determined by….. Signaling. 5. The ……… constitute a major Signaling center. Micromeres 6. Shell formation… Snails 7. Multinucleated type of cell forms the ……Syncytiotrophoblas 8. The Myelencephalon eventually becomes the ….Medulla oblongata 9. One agent of ventral specification is the ……Sonic hedgehog.

10. Failure to …..the human posterior neural tube regions at day 27. Close
11. Failure to close the anterior neural tube regions results in a lethal condition …… Anencephaly
12. Original ependymal layer of the cerebellum generates a wide variety of neurons and glial cells, including the distinctive and large…… Purkinje neurons.
13. TGF-β Family secreted from the surface ectoderm and roof of the neural tube.
14. Paracrine factors instruct the ……cells to become muscles. Myotome
15. The osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan….. Matrix
16. Endochondral ossification involves the formation of…… Cartilage Tissue
17. Neurulation in… is exclusively secondary. Fishes
18. Archenteron is used for ___________Primitive Gut
19. Spiral cleavage found in ____ Snails
20. ----------is characteristic of several animals’ groups, including annelid worms, some flatworms, and most mollusks (snails)____________ Spiral Holoblastic Cleavage
21. Cell fates are determined by signaling. The micromeres constitute a major signaling center. βcatenin is important for the inducing capacity of the ___________Micromeres.
22. Blastulae produced by radial cleavage have no blastocoel and are called______ Stereoblastulae.
23. The resulting larvae of snail is called ------ which resemble tiny bear traps_____ Glochidia
24. --------constitute a major signaling center__________ Micromeres
25. Inner surface cells thin 30x5um process ________________Filopodia.
26. The first------- divisions occur synchronously, forming a mound of cells that sits at the animal pole of a large yolk cell________12
27. Gastrulation in Snails is accomplished primarily by__________ Epiboly
28. _____is characteristic of several animals’ groups, including annelid worms, some flatworms, and most mollusks (snails). Spiral Holoblastic Cleavage
29. Cells, derived from the micromeres, are called the__________ Primary Mesenchyme.
30. Mollusca follow which types of cleavage____________ Spiral Holoblastic Cleavage
31. A mammalian blastula is called a_____________ Blastocyst.
32. The blastomere cell cycle is governed by the synthesis and degradation of _____Cyclin.
33. The second step of gastrulation involves the______ Involution of The Mesoderm. AUTUMN 2023
34. Multinucleated type of cell form-_____________ Cyncytiotrophoblast
35. The first cell movement of fish gastrulation is the --------of the blastoderm cells over the yolk________

Epiboly

36. Mother provides fetus with ______________Nutrients and Oxygen
37. The most crucial, difference between mammalian cleavage and all other types involves the phenomenon

of___________ Compaction

38. The neural form ____________Keel Fish
39. They have a notochord as larvae but they lack ___________Vertebrae
40. The mammalian oocyte is released from the ovary and swept by the fimbriae into ______The Oviduct.
41. Which has two parts in cell cycle options _________Blastomere
42. Fertilization of the chick egg occurs in the ____________Oviduct,
43. After the blastoderm cells have covered about half the zebra fish yolk cell, a thickening occurs throughout the margin of the epilogizing blastoderm. This thickening is called the______ Germ Ring
44. This streak is first visible in birds as a thickening of the-------- at the posterior region of the embryo, just anterior to koller sickle__________ Epiblast
45. It secretes a ----- tunic (which gave the name "tunicates" to these creatures) ____ Cellulose
46. | will induce the uterine cells of the mammals to from the maternal portion of the placenta, the_________ Decidua.
47. Between the area pellucida and the area opaca is a thin layer of cells called the ________Marginal Zone (Or Marginal Belt).
48. The cells adjacent to the chordamesoderm, the ------- are the precursors of the mesodermal somites in the fish. ______ Paraxial Mesoderm Cells
49. The first segregation of cells within the inner cell mass results in the formation of the _____ Hypoblast

(Sometimes Called the Primitive Endoderm)

50. Fertilization occurs in the -------- of the oviduct, a region close to the ovary___ Ampulla
51. This fetal organ the ---- is derived primarily from embryonic trophoblast cells. ___ Chorine
52. The fetal portion of placenta formed by ______ Chorion
53. The major structural characteristic of avian, reptilian, and mammalian gastrulation is the_________ Primitive Streak.
54. Between the blastoderm and the yolk is a space called the_____ Sub-Germinal Cavity
55. The first cleavage furrow appears centrally in the________ Blastodisc,
56. The peripheral ring of blastoderm cells that have not shed their deep cells constitutes the area _______Opaca.
57. The depression is called the __________Primitive Groove
58. cytoplasm of the blastodisc becomes the embryo, this type of meroblastic cleavage is called_______ Discoidal.
59. The mammalian oocyte is released from the ovary and swept by the fimbriae into the_____ Oviduct.
60. Identical twins share a common ______________Chorion
61. Sonic hedgehog is a type of__________ Protein
62. In birds -------differences appear crucial for distinguishing dorsal from ventral. ______ pH
63. Hox genes pattern the anterior-posterior axis and help to specify positions along that___ Axis.
64. The original type of ----- cells constitute a layer called the cytotrophoblast__ Trophoblast
65. Which type of neurulation in fish __________ Secondary
66. Hindbrain______________ Rhombencephalon
67. The telencephalon will eventually form the cerebral hemispheres, and the diencephalon will form the thalamic and -------brain regions______________ Hypothalamic
68. Which forms spinal cord, hind brain and mid brain ___________Chordamesoderm.
69. Fishes, ------, and birds undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage, wherein the early cell divisions do not cut through the yolk of the egg. 63. The fast block, initiated by sodium influx into the cell in sea urchin_________ Reptiles
70. he rudiment of the central nervous system, is called________ Neurulation.
71. Fraternal twins are the result of ------separate fertilization events_________ Two
72. The prechordal ------induces the formation of the forebrain; the chordamesoderm induces the formation of the midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord__________ Plate
73. About ------- of identical twins have two complete and separate chorions_______33%
74. Identical twins occur in roughly -------- of human births. _________ 0.25%
75. Mammals undergo holoblastic ---------cleavage, _____________ Rotational
76. In birds, ----------- is critical in determining the anterior-posterior axis _________ Gravity
77. The decidua becomes rich in the blood vessels that will provide --------and nutrients to the embryo. ______ Oxygen
78. In amphibians most of the xenopus most of tadpole is formed by ---------and tail of neural tube formed by 2ndry neurulation. _________ Primary Neurulation
79. Neural fold migrates to midline of embryo and fusing to form -------- beneath the overlying ectoderm. _________ Neural Tube
80. In frogs and chicks, ---------- is usually seen in the neural tube of the lumbar (abdominal) and tail 48. vertebrae. ____________ Secondary Neurulation
81. Which type of neurulation in fish____________ Exclusively Secondary.
82. Secondary neurulation involves the making of a -------- and its subsequent hollowing into a neural tube. _________ Medullary Cord
83. In primary neurulation, the original ectoderm is divided into ----- sets of cells___ Three
84. The growing region at the tip of the lip is called the __Chord Neural Hinge,
85. The neural tube will form ______Brain and Spinal Cord
86. Each ICM (Inner Cell Mass) cell has the--------potency_____ Same
87. Retinoic Acid comes from ___________ Somite’s
88. Human brain contains __________10” Glial Cells
89. marginal zone to form clusters of neurons called______________ Nuclei.
90. ----------- plays a major role in eye formation____________Pax6
91. mantle cells differentiate into______________ Gray Matter
92. Paracrine factors such as TGF- and FGF7 are important in normal ___Skin Development.
93. Neural crest divides functionally indomains________4
94. Dendrites are often numerous and do not extend far from the neuronal cell body, or----------, axons may extend for several feet. _____________ Soma
95. One agent of ventral specification is the ---------hedgehog protein________ Sonic
96. In frogs and chicks, ------- neurulation is usually seen in the neural tube ____ Secondary