ZOO503 MCQs with Answers

A network of collagen fibers on which needlelike crystals of hydroxyapatite (a form of apatite, CaPO4) accumulate The Skeleton

Bone

Cartilage are the type of tissues which are progressively mineralized by:

Apatite

The first vertebrates had a skeleton

Cartilaginous

The appears in the early embryo as a strip of cells where the backbone will develop Jawless Fishes

neural crest

in , commonest vertebrates were the conodont animals

Late Cambrian and Ordovician

Were jawless, generally armored

Ostracoderms

are the extinct genus of jawless fishes that lived in Devonian period.

Hemicyclaspis

They occur as phosphatic toothlike microfossils, termed elements.

Conodonts

Conodonts are divided into groups

more complex, with cones, bars and blades

Euconodonts

The three main morphotypes of conodonts are:

Coniform, Ramiform, Pectiniform

• The basal vertebrates, lacked jaws, jaws probably evolved during the

Ordovician

• Oldest jawbearing fishes were the

Placoderms

chondrichthyans were the first like cartilaginous fishes

Shark

Small fishes, mostly in the range _ in length.

50–200 mm

The are Ancestors of most fishes today

Actinopterygians

The first good evidence of tetrapods were long

Topic 81-160 · Naila Akram · Zoo503

The oldest fossil form, with reduced limbs, is in age

Jurassic

A part of amniotic egg that collects waste.

Allantois

are Distinguished by the pattern of openings in the side of the skull

Late Carboniferous

The three major skull patterns seen in amniotes:

anapsid, diapsid and synapsid

All modern amniotes produce the egg

Cleidoic

The oldest Turtles and relatives were eaters

small insect

First synapsids were Grouped loosely as “

Pelycosaurs

Reptiles typically have _ bones in the lower jaw

Six

In mammals, there is a single bone in the lower jaw known as:

the dentary

As compared to the three tiny bones in human ear, reptiles have only one, known as:

stirrup or stapes

Dinosaurs famously ruled the Earth for of the Mesozoic

160 Myr

The mammals achieved great diversity and abundance only after the extinction of:

Dinosaurs

A group, includes the dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodilians and birds.

Archosaurs

has a lightweight body, Narrow hatchet-shaped skull, a long narrow wing

Proficient flapping flyers

First true lizards are:

Lepidosaurs

The theropods and sauropodomorphs share the primitive pattern

reptilian hip

All other dinosaurs share a unique hip pattern in which the pubis has swung back and runs parallel to:

Ischium

fish-shaped animals, adapted to life in the sea

The ichthyosaurs

Marine reptile uses snake like neck for hunting the fish in water.

Plesiosaurs

The plesiosaur, Swam by beating their paddles in a kind of “flying” motion.

Cryptoclidus

The most famous fossils of Oldest known bird were Found in Upper Jurassic sediments in southern Germany in

1861

Examples of Flightless ratites and ancestors of water birds

penguins and birds of prey

Small insect eaters in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic Remained small through most of the:

Mesozoic

A classic example of an adaptive radiation due to development of teeth

Marsupials & Placentals

are early primates

Humans

• Homo sapiens means:

wise person

primates have Good vision

binocular

primates radiated in the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene

Basal

in Marmosets and spider monkeys are used as extra limbs in swinging through the trees.

Prehensile Tails

• The of Southeast Asia are the most primitive living apes

Gibbons

of the DNA of Gorillas, chimpanzees and humans is identical.

>94%

In , two French teams announced human fossils that were 6 Ma.

2001 and 2002

The famous skeleton of a female P. afarensis from Ethiopia, called by its discoverer