ZOO504 Final Term Subjective 2023 by Sulman Ali

ZOO504 – WILD-LIFE (SUBJECTIVE) · FINAL-TERM FILE BY · SULMAN ALI (BS-ZOOLOGY)

Threats to sand dune cates?

Threats: Habitat degradation and loss are considered to be the major threats to the Sand Cat. Many areas are also more heavily frequed by humans, their domestic animals and commensals (i.e. red fox, Vulpesvulpes.

1= Arid ecosystems are being rapidly converted. 2= Infrastructural development 3= Human settlement and activity 4= Degradation occur through livestock grazing 5=They are also killed in retaliation for killing chickens or Houbara and MacQueen's bustard.

Threats to panther:

1= The primary threats to Leopards are anthropogenic. 2= Habitat fragmentation 3= Reduced prey base 4= Conflict with livestock Leopards are targeted for 5= Trophy hunting 6= Illegal wildlife trade for their 7= Skins (used in traditional ceremonies) 8= Bones and other parts (used for medicinal purposes in eastern cultures).

Note on barking deer:/ description of barking deer.

It is among the smallest deer species. It is an omnivore and eats grass, fruit, shoots, seeds, bird eggs, and small animals, and occasionally scavenges on carrion. Its calls sound like barking, often when frightened by a predator, hence the common name "barking deer".

Feeding habit:Diet includes grasses, low growing leaves, tender shoots and fruits.

Native: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand

Threats: Illegal hunting and poaching Hunting and poaching was assessed as a serious threat to Barking deer in PLNP and surrounding areas (Choch).

What are conservation strategies for kingfisher:

Conservation Actions Underway: 1= Bern Convention Appendix II. 2= EU Birds Directive Annex I. 3= There are no known current conservation measures for this species within its European range.

Conservation Actions proposed: 1= Preservation of rivers and streams must be mediated through industry, agriculture and water authorities, 2= Research to investigate the importance of individual threats and mitigation measures against all the factors.

Threats to wild ass?

1= Major threats to its survival are hunting, competition with livestock, and interbreeding with the domestic donkey. 2= Illegal trade seems to happen primarily on a national level. 3= Poaching for meat, hides and fat, is believed to have apparent medicinal properties. 4= A series of drought years could have devastating effects on this species. 5= Habitat fragmentation.

What is the bobcat and what are the threats to the bobcats: /Note on Lynx Rufu/ characteristics of Lynx Rufu.

Bobcats (Lynx rufus) may look cute and fluffy, but don't be fooled into thinking they're anything like a house cat. One of the four species of lynx, these wildcats are around twice the size of the average domestic cat and are fierce predators. Found throughout much of North America, they live in a diverse range of habitats. Bobcats got their names because of their tails. Though many felines have long, sinuous tails, an adult bobcat's averages just 6 to 7 inches in length; the word bobcat is a reference to this stubby appendage.

Threats: As solitary and far-ranging mammals, interactions between humans and bobcats are rare, but humans are the bobcat's largest threat. Bobcats need large areas of interconnected wild lands to thrive. Land development, over-hunting and trapping bobcats for their fur are just a few reasons bobcat populations can decline.

Wild birds of fauna of Ayubia National Park, write birds names:

Ayubia National Park was declared a National Park in 1984. Ayubia was named after Muhammad Ayub Khan, the then President of Pakistan. It is located Abbottabad District, Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan.

Major Birds Fauna: 1= The park harbors up to 203 species of birds. 2= Golden eagle 3= Vulture 4= Eurasian sparrow 5= Hawk 6= Hill pigeon 7= Khalij Pheasant (30 species) 8= Spotted dove 9=Collared dove.

Types of zoo on the basis of endangered species:

Number of Endangered Species Exhibited: 1= Large Zoo (More than 15) 2= Medium Zoo (15-10) 3= Small Zoo (9-5) 4= Mini Zoo (Less than 5).

Types of zoo on the basis of Annual Number of Visitors per Year:

1= Large Zoo (More than 0.75 million) 2= Medium Zoo (0.5-0.75 million) 3= Small Zoo (0.5-

1. 2 million) 4= Mini Zoo (Less than 0.2 million).

Characteristic of male tragopan:

Medium sized pheasant. Sexes are highly dimorph. Male grey upper parts and reddish facial skin Numerous white spots. Each spot bordered with black and deep crimson patches on the sides and back of the neck. The throat is bare with blue skin while the bare facial skin is red. They have a small black occipital crest.

1= Weighs 1.8–2.2 kg (4.0–4.9 lb) 2= Length from 55–60 cm (22–24 in)

What is urial and its sub species found in Pakistan:

An upland wild sheep (Ovis vignei) of southern and central Asia which is reddish brown and the males of which have a beard from the neck to the chest. Subspecies: Three subspecies of urial are found in Pakistan, namely 1= Afghan urial (O. orientalis (vignei) cycloceros including O. v. blandordi 2= Punjab urial (O. orientalis (vignei) punjabiensis), 3= Ladakh urial (O. orientalis vignei or O. vignei vignei)

Native habitat of indian pangolin:

Indian Pangolin is widely distributed in India, except the arid region, high Himalayas and the North-East. It can be found at elevation up to 2500 m. The species also occurs in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka.

Habitat: grasslands and secondary forests.

Ramsar sites on the basis of the fish:

A Ramsar Site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance. These wetlands are protected under strict guidelines of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.

Five major wetland types are generally recognized. 1= Marine 2= Estuarine 3= Lacustrine 4= Riverine 5= Palustrine.

Threats to jungle cat:

The biggest threat to Jungle Cat is habitat loss particularly industrialisation and urbanisation of low intensity agricultural areas. Habitat destruction for agricultural purposes and infrastructure development are also major issues. Some farmers consider the Jungle Cat a pest which takes poultry.

Threats to Houbara Bustard:

The habitat destruction and illegal hunting are the main reasons of rapid decrease in their number. If no conservation programs are started then this bird will be a danger of extinction.

Write feeding habits of common peafowl:

Feeding habit Omnivorous: 1= Grain and green crops to insects 2= Small reptiles 3= Mammals 4= Berries 5= Termite 6= Grasshopper 7= Ants and beetles. 8= Roots in high fairly open trees in large number.

Write a note on indus dolphin:

The Indus river dolphin is one of the world's rarest mammals and the second most endangered freshwater river dolphin. It is one of the flagship species, which is only found in Pakistan and is an indicator of the biological health of the aquatic and terrestrial environment adjoining the Indus River. However, the population of this species has gradually declined because of various factors, including water pollution, poaching, fragmentation of habitat due to barrages, and dolphin strandings in the irrigation canals. Now approximately 2,000 specimens of this species exist in a small fraction of their former range, the lower reaches of the Indus River in Pakistan.

Administrations of large zoo:

At least one full time curator having the sole responsibility of looking after the upkeep of animals and maintenance of the animal enclosures. At least two full-time veterinarians.

Power of Sale or Exchange:

1= Power to make Rules, 2= Power to add to or exclude from Schedules, 3= he Government may, for scientific management, allow sale or exchange of wild animal, from any wildlife breeding farm, wildlife park, safari park, zoological garden or zoo.

Write a note on Capra hircus:

The goat or domestic goat (Capra hircus) is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (C. aegagrus) of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the tribe Caprini, meaning it is closely related to the sheep.