BT301 Final Term Mega File by Biotech Brainy Bunch

Current finals – 2022

1- Define domain?

Large polypeptide chains usually fold into two or more globular clusters known as domains, which often give these proteins a bior multilobal appearance.

2- Multiplex PCR and Rt-PCR?

Multiplex PCR

Multiplex PCR is used to amplify several different DNA sequences simultaneously.

RT-PCR

Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was designed to amplify RNA sequences (mainly mRNA) through synthesis of cDNA by reverse transcriptase. Various strategies can be adopted for firststrand cDNA synthesis. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was designed to amplify RNA sequences (mainly mRNA) through synthesis of cDNA by reverse transcriptase.

3- Define Ortholog?

Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation, and, in general, orthologs retain the same function during the course of evolution.

BT301 - FINALTERM SUBJECTIVE MEGA FILE · GROUP: BIOTECH BRAINY BUNCH · ALL DATA FROM PAST PAPERS · ADMINS: MEHWISH MUGHAL & BELLA

Identification of orthologs is a critical process for reliable prediction of gene function in newly sequenced genomes.

4- Comparative genomics of eukaryotes?

The minimal eukaryotic genome is smaller than many bacterial genomes. Comparative genomics can be used to identify genes and regulatory elements. It gives insight into the evolution of key proteins.

5- Instability of plasmid?

Structural instability

Structural instability of plasmids may arise by deletions or rearrangements of DNA.

6- Central dogma of life?

Central dogma. The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.

7- Significance of inverse PCR?

Inverse PCR

Inverse PCR is used to identify the flanking sequences around genomic inserts.

8- Role of PCR on environment?

Medical, Forensic, agriculture, environment. PCR has been used in cloning and screening of genomic libraries.

9- Role of RLFP

RFLP

RFLP-Restriction fragment length polymorphism exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. In RFLP, DNA sample is digested by restriction enzymes and separated by gel electrophoresis DNA fingerprinting.

10- Sequence of DNA?

DNA sequencing refers to the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule. The sequence of the bases (often referred to by the first letters of their chemical names: A, T, C, and G) encodes the biological information that cells use to develop and operate

11- Application of PCR?

Application of PCR

medical, forensic, agriculture, environment etc. PCR has been used in gene cloning and screening of genomic libraries

PCR-Medicine

PCR has major impact on medicine especially in the field of clinical microbiology or diagnosis. Molecular tools have also allowed to perform prenatal genetic diagnosis

PCR-Forensic sciences

Forensic science is the application of scientific procedures to solve criminal and legal matters. Molecular methods are used to established the filiations of a person or to obtain evidence from minimal samples of saliva, semen or other tissues

PCR-DNA profiling

DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA

PCR-Agricultural sciences and environment

PCR has also facilitated research in detection of pathogens in plants, animals and environment. PCR has been used in cloning and screening of genomic libraries.

12- Chromosome jumping process?

Chromosome jumping

In chromosome jumping, the DNA of interest is identified, cut into fragments with restriction enzymes and circularized. It brings together DNA sequence that were originally located a considerable distance apart in the genome. These cloned DNAs from the closure sites make up a jumping library. One of the application of chromosome walking and jumping is in the cloning of human cystic fibrosis gene.

13- Primer?

PCR primers are short pieces of single-stranded DNA, usually around 20 nucleotides in length. Two primers are used in each PCR reaction, and they are designed so that they flank the target region (region that should be copied).