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CS304 Highlighted Handouts Lectures 1-45

Object Oriented Programming PDF 7.7 MBUpdated 23 Oct 2026
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Highlighted handout CS304 Highlighted Handouts Lectures 1-45 PDF 7.7 MB
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CS304 Object Oriented Programming
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23 Oct 2026
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SIMPLE ASSOCIATION · POLYMORPHISM – ADVANTAGES · POLYMORPHISM IN OO MODEL · INTERFACE · ENCAPSULATION

WHAT IS AN OBJECT?

OBJECT-ORIENTATION - ADVANTAGES · DEFINING A NEW USER DEFINED TYPE · CLASS · SUB-TYPING (EXTENSION)

  1. 1.
  2. 2. WHAT IS A MODEL? ......................................................................................................... 10
  3. 3. OO MODELS ................................................................................................................................................... 11

01.4.

............................................................................ 12

01.5.

.......................................................................................................... 12

  1. 6. TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE OBJECTS ................................................................................................. 13
  2. 7. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14

02.1.

INFORMATION HIDING.................................................................................................................................................... 15

02.2.

.................................................................................................................. 16

02.3.

............................................................................................................................ 17

  1. 4. IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
  2. 5. SEPARATION OF INTERFACE & IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................... 19
  3. 6. MESSAGES........................................................................................................................................................ 19
  4. 7. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................... 19
  5. 1. ABSTRACTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21
  6. 2. CLASSES ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
  7. 3.
  8. 1. CONCEPTS RELATED WITH INHERITANCE .......................................................................................... 29
  9. 2. GENERALIZATION .............................................................................................................................................................. 29

04.3.

.................................................................................................. 31

  1. 4.
  2. 5. OVERRIDING ................................................................................................................................................... 34

04.6.

............................................................................................................. 36

04.7.

............................................................................................................ 38

05.3.

......................................................................................................... 50

05.4.

.................................................................................................................... 52

05.5.

..................................................................................................................... 54

  1. 1. CLASS COMPATIBILITY ................................................................................................................................................... 55
  2. 2.

06.3.

........................................................................................ 56

06.4.

...................................................................................... 57

06.5.

OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELING AN EXAMPLE ................................................................................................... 57

07.1.

.................................................................................................................................... 65

  1. 2. TYPE IN C++ ...................................................................................................................... 65
  2. 3. ABSTRACTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 66

07.4.

............................................................................ 66

  1. 5. OBJECT AND CLASS ...................................................................................................................................... 68
  2. 6. ACCESSING MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................. 68
  3. 7. ACCESS SPECIFIERS ...................................................................................................................................... 69

FRIEND FUNCTIONS · MEMBER INITIALIZER LIST · DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INITIALIZATION AND ASSIGNMENT · DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR · CONSTRUCTOR PROPERTIES · BREAKUP OF NEW OPERATION

  1. 1. MEMBER FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 72
  2. 2. DEFINING MEMBER FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................ 72
  3. 3. INLINE FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 73
  4. 4. CONSTRUCTOR .................................................................................................................................................................... 75

08.5.

............................................................................................... 75

08.6.

.................................................................................................... 76

  1. 7. CONSTRUCTOR OVERLOADING ............................................................................................................... 77
  2. 8. CONSTRUCTOR OVERLOADING ............................................................................................................... 78
  3. 9. COPY CONSTRUCTOR.................................................................................................................................. 79
  4. 10. SHALLOW COPY ........................................................................................................................................................... 81
  5. 11. DEEP COPY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 82
  6. 1. SHALLOW COPY ............................................................................................................................................ 85
  7. 2. DEEP COPY ............................................................................................................................................................................ 90
  8. 3. IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT COPY CONSTRUCTOR ......................................................................... 94
  9. 4. DESTRUCTOR ....................................................................................................................................................................... 94
  10. 5. ACCESSOR FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 95
  11. 6. THIS POINTER...................................................................................................................................................................... 96
  12. 1. USES OF THIS POINTER ............................................................................................................................. 99
  13. 2. SEPARATION OF INTERFACE AND IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................... 99
  14. 3. COMPLEX NUMBER ........................................................................................................................................................ 100
  15. 4. CONST MEMBER FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................ 102
  16. 5. THIS POINTER AND CONST MEMBER FUNCTION .......................................................................... 104

11.1.

USAGE EXAMPLE OF CONSTANT MEMBER FUNCTIONS ............................................................... 105

11.2. · :........................................ 106 · 11.3.

............................................................................................... 106

  1. 4. CONST OBJECTS................................................................................................................................................................ 107
  2. 5. STATIC VARIABLES ........................................................................................................................................................ 109
  3. 1. ACCESSING STATIC DATA MEMBER .................................................................................................. 113
  4. 2. LIFE OF STATIC DATA MEMBER ......................................................................................................... 114
  5. 3. STATIC MEMBER FUNCTION ................................................................................................................ 115
  6. 4. THIS POINTER AND STATIC MEMBER FUNCTIONS ........................................................................ 116
  7. 5. GLOBAL VARIABLE VS. STATIC MEMBERS...................................................................................... 116
  8. 6. ARRAY OF OBJECTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 116

13.1.

POINTER TO OBJECTS .................................................................................................................................................. 118

13.2.

......................................................................................... 119

  1. 3. CASE STUDY ................................................................................................................................................ 119
  2. 4. COMPLETE CODE OF DATE CLASS ....................................................................................................... 121

14.1.

.................................................................................................................... 124

15.1.

................................................................................................................... 135

15.2.

........................................................................................................... 138

16.1.

OPERATOR OVERLOADING......................................................................................................................................... 142

17.1.

OVERLOADING ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR .......................................................................................................... 151

  1. 1. SELF ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM .................................................................................................................................... 155
  2. 2. OTHER BINARY OPERATORS ................................................................................................................. 156
  3. 3. FRIEND FUNCTIONS AND OPERATOR OVERLOADING .................................................................. 157
  4. 1. STREAM INSERTION OPERATOR .......................................................................................................... 158
  5. 2. STREAM EXTRACTION OPERATOR ...................................................................................................... 158
  6. 3. OVERLOADING STREAM INSERTION OPERATOR .......................................................................... 159
  7. 4. OVERLOADING STREAM EXTRACTION OPERATOR ...................................................................... 160
  8. 5. OTHER BINARY OPERATORS ................................................................................................................. 161
  9. 1. SUBSCRIPT [] OPERATOR .......................................................................................................................................... 164
  10. 2. OVERLOADING SUBSCRIPT [] OPERATOR ....................................................................................... 164
  11. 3. OVERLOADING FUNCTION () OPERATOR .......................................................................................................... 165
  12. 4.

FUNCTION OPERATOR PERFORMING SUB STRING OPERATION, ................................... 165

  1. 5. UNARY OPERATORS ...................................................................................................................................................... 166
  2. 1. BEHAVIOR OF ++ AND -- FOR PRE-DEFINED TYPES ..................................................................... 168
  3. 2. POST-INCREMENT OPERATOR ................................................................................................................................. 169
  4. 3. TYPE CONVERSION......................................................................................................................................................... 170
  5. 4.
  6. 5. DRAWBACKS OF TYPE CONVERSION OPERATOR ......................................................................... 174
  7. 1.

PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF INHERITANCE IN C++ .............................................. 175

  1. 2. INHERITANCE IN CLASSES ...................................................................................................................... 175
  2. 3. UML NOTATION ........................................................................................................................................ 175
  3. 4. INHERITANCE IN C++ .................................................................................................... 175
  4. 5. “IS A” RELATIONSHIP ............................................................................................................................. 176
  5. 1. ACCESSING BASE CLASS MEMBER FUNCTIONS IN DERIVED CLASS ..................................... 183
  6. 2. “PROTECTED” ACCESS SPECIFIER ......................................................................................................................... 185
  7. 3. “IS A” RELATIONSHIP ............................................................................................................................. 186
  8. 4. STATIC TYPE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 189

24.1.

MODIFIED DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR .................................................................................................................. 199

  1. 1. OVERLOADING VS. OVERRIDING.......................................................................................................... 207
  2. 2. HIERARCHY OF INHERITANCE .............................................................................................................. 211
  3. 1. BASE INITIALIZATION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 213
  4. 2. TYPES OF INHERITANCE.............................................................................................................................................. 214
  5. 3. PRIVATE INHERITANCE ............................................................................................................................................... 216

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