ENG509 Midterm Concepts

Prefix:

1. Play(V)- Replay (V) both remain verbs so word class isn't changed.
2. Organize(V)- Reorganize.(V)
3. Sensitive (N)-Nonsensitive (N).
4. Tie (V)- Untie (V)
5. Believe (V) - Disbelieve (V)

Zero-suffix plurals:

1. Sheep,
2. Deer,

3 Teeth,

4 Feet

5. Hair

Label question:

John smokes cigars.

Answer: Ans: As we know that a sentence consists of a Subject (Agent) and a Predicate (Verbs and other parts), therefore the given sentence can be labelled as follows:

John (Agent) smokes cigars( Predicate)

It can further be labelled as:

John (Agent), smokes (Verb) cigars( Patient).

INFLECTION:

We already know that inflection is a morphological process which changes the "forms of the words". This process does not change the meaning and the word class.

Irregular inflection:

Irregular inflection is the change in forms of words without following the grammatical or morphological rules. Irregular inflection can be observed in nouns, verbs, adjectives etc.

Irregular inflection in nouns: For example change in forms of nouns i.e making plurals without following the common rules of adding -s, -es etc.

For example, Child-children, Man-Men, Woman-Women,

Irregular inflection in verbs can be witnessed in changing their tense forms.

For example, the Past of go is went and not "goed".

Inflection means " Change in forms of words according to grammatical rules. It's a complete morphological process.

Regular inflection: It is the change in forms of words according to the grammatical rules or we can say that by following lexical rules.

Regular inflection in nouns: It is a morphological process in which the forms of nouns are changed following the grammatical rules.

Plurals of nouns can be formed by following various grammatical rules for making plurals. These are examples of Regular noun inflection;

Cat +-s =cats

potato+ -es= potatoes.

Day +y = days

Regular Inflection in verbs:

1. Perform, performed, performed (the past and past participle forms of “perform” are changed by only adding -ed. )
2. Observe, observed, observed

Derivation

It is one of the processes of " Word formation" in which one lexeme is created from another lexeme. It changes the lexical meanings and word class. For example making agent nouns from the verbs. Teach(V) +-er = Teacher (N). (Yeh main simple words main bata rahi hun)

Junk is basically an informal word which means clutter, old, or useless etc. We also have the option of ' Junk-emails" in our emails, where all useless and less important mails are kept. Similarly in linguistics, linguistic junk consists of those words which lose their importance due to morphological change. They are considered as useless elements.