MGT504 Final Term Solved Subjective

Q1. What is ERP?

Enterprise Resource Planning systems collect, process, and provide information about a company’s entire enterprise, including order, processing, product design, purchasing, inventory, manufacturing, distribution, etc.

Q2. Codes of ethics are valuable for organization or not?

Yes, codes of ethics are valuable for organization. Companies of all sizes are rushing to adopt codes of ethics, and most are also developing other policies and structures that encourage ethical conduct. Organizations get into trouble when they fail to pay attention to ethical issues in the blind pursuit of making money. On the other hand, a growing no of companies are demonstrating their commitments to high standards of ethics and social responsibilities.

3. Elaborate the power

Power is an intangible force in organization. It cannot be seen, but its effect can be felt. Power is often defined as the potential ability of one person (or department) to influence other persons (or departments) to carry out orders

• or to do something they would not otherwise have done. Other definitions stress that power is the ability to achieve goals or outcome that power holder’s desire. The achievement of desired outcomes is the basis of the definition used here. Power is the ability of one person or department, in an organization to influence other people to bring about desired outcomes. It is the potential to influence others within the organization but with the goal of attaining desired outcome for power holders.

Power exists only in a relationship between two or more people, and it can be exercised in either vertical or horizontal directions. The source of power often derives from an exchange relationship in which one position or department provides scare or valued resources to other department. When one person I dependent on another person, a power relationship emerges in which person with the resources had greater power. When power exists in a relationship, the power holders can achieve compliance with their requests.

4. Describe some of the advantages of management science approach.

• Management science can accurately and quickly solve problems that have too many explicit variables for human processing.
• This system is at its best when applied to problems that are analyzable, are measurable, and can be structured in a logical way.
• Management science is an excellent device for organizational decision making when problems are analyzable and when the variables can be identified and measured.
• Mathematician, physicist, and operations researchers used systems analysis to develop artillery trajectories, antisubmarine strategies, and bombing strategies such as salving (discharging multiple shells simultaneously).
• Management science yielded astonishing success for many military problems.
• Management science techniques have been used to correctly solve problems as diverse as finding the right spot for a church camp, test marketing the first of a new family of products, drilling for oil, and radically altering the distribution of telecommunications services.

5. What information you as a student use.

DO URSELF

6. Change resists the fear of loss of power & status. Explain your answer with logical reasoning.

Fear of loss, Managers and employees may fear the loss of power and status or even their jobs. In these cases, implementation should be careful and incremental, and all employees should be involved as closely as possible in the change process. Implementation can typically be designed to overcome many of the organizational and individual barriers to change.

8. When political activity is used

Politics is a mechanism for arriving at consensus when uncertainty is high and there is disagreement over goals or problem priorities. The political model is associated with conflict over goals, shifting coalitions and interest groups, ambiguous information, and uncertainty. Thus, political activity tends to be most visible when managers confront non-programmed decision and is related to the Carnegie model of decision making. Because managers at the top of an organization generally deal with more non-programmed decision than do mangers at lower levels, more political activity will appear. Moreover, some issues are associated with inherent disagreement. Resources, for example, are critical for the survival and effectiveness of departments, so resource allocation often becomes a political issue, “Rational methods of allocation do not satisfy participants. Three domain of political activity (areas in which politics plays a role) in most organizations are structural change, management succession, and resources allocation.

9. How boundary spanning used in new product success

Boundary – spanning roles link and coordinate an organization with key elements in the external environment. Boundary Spanning: This component means each department involved with new products has excellent linkage with relevant sectors in the external environment. R & D personal are linked to professional associations and to colleagues in other R & D departments. They are aware of recent scientific developments. Marketing personnel are closely linked to customer needs. They listen to what customers have to say, and they analyze competitor products and suggestions by distributors.