EDU302 Final Term Solved Papers 2018

EDu302 final term solved 2018

Kohlberg theory

Answer: This theory is a stage theory. In other words, everyone goes through the stages sequentially without skipping any stage. • However, movement through these stages are not natural, that is people do not automatically move from one stage to the next as they mature. In stage development, movement occurs when a person notices inadequacies in his or her present way of coping with a given moral dilemma.

Zone of proximal development

Answer: The difference between what a child can do independently and what the child needs help from a more knowledgeable person to do

Types of moral development

Answer: 1. Selfish Stage

2. Belief in Conventional Morality
3. Post-Conventional Stage

Preschool physical characteristics

Answer: Preschool children are very active. They have good control of their bodies and enjoy activity for its own sake. Teachers should provide them many opportunities to run, climb and jump but keep them under control. Instead of allowing these children complete freedom in choice of activities, some specific games and activities could be used to achieve semi controlled play.

Preschool intellectual characteristics

Answer: Language of kindergarten children is quite developed. Therefore, they like to talk, especially in front of a group. They should be provided such opportunities but should also be helped to become good listeners. Some rotation scheme is necessary to afford talking opportunities to all children including less confident and shy children.

Difference b/t Vygotsky & Piaget

Answer: Piaget

• Thinking develops in recognizable stages which depend on natural maturation • Role of teacher important but use of “more-expert other” not central • Readiness is

a central concept in education – children need to be ready to progress in their learning Vygotsky

• Development of thinking is dependent upon language and culture • Use of “more- expert other” seen as fundamental part of cognitive development • Children should be actively encouraged to move through ZPD – do not need to be ready but should be given opportunity to engage in problems which are beyond current level of ability but within ZPD

Transfer of Learning

Answer: Transfer of learning has been defined by Mayer and Wittrock as "whenever something previously learnt influences current learning or when solving an earlier problem affects how you solve a new problem."

What is the age of junior high school

Answer: Junior high school: 7,8, and 9 (12-14 years)

What is operate conditioning

Answer: Operant Conditioning is a type of learning in which a behavior is strengthened (meaning, it will occur more frequently) Operant conditioning is based on a simple idea - that behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow.

What is problem solving

Answer: Somewhat less open-ended than creative thinking is problem solving, the analysis and solution of tasks or situations that are complex or ambiguous and that pose difficulties or obstacles of some kind (Mayer & Wittrock, 2006).

What is deficit disorder

Answer: Some students have short attention span and are excessively restless whose main problem is directing and maintaining their restlessness and physical activity. The American Psychological Association has lately established this category called `attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders' (ADHD) to identify these children.. These children are mostly boys than girls whose disorder may even persist in adulthood.

What is vertical transfer of learning

Answer: Vertical transfer is that positive transfer which occurs when previously learnt capability helps in learning more complex material in the same area.

Emotional characteristic of kindergarten

Answer: children express their emotional outbursts freely, openly and frequently. It may be desirable to allow them express emotions openly within broad limits so that they recognize and face their feelings. Encourage the angry child analyze his behavior and become aware of its consequences. This awareness may help him accept and control his feelings. Encourage the angry child analyze his behavior and become aware of its results. This approach, however, may not succeed with all children because during this age, they may not reflect upon their thought and thought of others.

Physical characteristics of junior high school

Answer: Most girls complete their growth spurt by the end of this period. Growth spurt, however, is not yet complete in boys. It may be very large because some boys add as much as six inches and 25 pounds in a single yew. The period of accelerated growth beginning in late elementary classes continues at this stage involving almost all students at this level.

General and specific transfer of learning

Answer: Specific Transfer: Specific transfer is that positive transfer which is due to specific similarities between the two tasks. ➢ General Transfer

• General transfer is that positive transfer which is due to use of some learning strategies such as elaboration, imagery and mnemonic devices.

Physical characteristics of senior high school

Answer: Most students reach physical maturity and almost all have attained puberty. All girls have reached their ultimate height yet some boys may continue growing after this stage. There are tremendous variations in height and weight and rate of maturation. Late maturing boys seem to have considerable difficulties in adjustment due to their slow rate of growth. They are still concerned about physical appearance.

Three ways of foster of creativity

Answer: Encourage students to think around the problem and give them time to produce divergent or lateral thinking solutions.