MGT502 Final Term Subjective Mega File

MGT502 Subjective Material

Who in organizations are responsible for managing change activities? 3

• Change agents can be managers, employees of the organization, or outside consultants.
• Typically, we look to senior executives as agents of change.

For major change efforts, top managers are increasingly turning to temporary outside consultants with specialized knowledge in the theory and methods of change.

• Consultant change agents can offer a more objective perspective than insiders can.
• They are disadvantaged in that they often have an inadequate understanding of the

organization’s history, culture, operating procedures, and personnel.

What can management do to create a more ethical culture within an

Ethical behavior

• “Good” and “right” as opposed to “bad” or “wrong” in a particular setting.

An organization’s ethics are rules, beliefs, and values that outline ways in which managers and workers should behave when confronted with a situation that may help or harm other people inside or outside an organization. Ethical behavior enhances the well-being (the happiness, health, and prosperity) of individuals, groups, organizations, and the organizational environment. Ethics establish the goals and behaviors appropriate to the organization. Many organizations have the goal of making a profit, to be able to pay workers, suppliers, and shareholders. Ethics specifies what actions an organization should take to make a profit and what limits should be put on organizations and their managers to prevent harm. Ethics can also define an organization’s social responsibility, moral responsibility toward individuals or groups outside the organization that are directly affected by its actions. Different organizations have different views about social responsibility. Being socially responsible means performing any action as long as it is legal. Others do more than law requires and work to advance the well-being of their employees, customers, and society in general. Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Inc. contributes a percent of profits to charities and community needs. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters seeks out coffee growers who do not use herbicides and pesticides and control soil erosion. All organizations need codes of conduct that spell out fair and equitable behavior to avoid doing harm.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of External Change Agents?

External Change Agents Advantages More objective views
More diverse experience
May have more specific experience and knowledge

Disadvantages Less knowledge of the

Requires higher out-ofpocket costs
An unknown quantity
Longer start-up time
Hurts management’s Image

What purposes do performance evaluations serve in organizations? 5

Reading this you can get the answer that what purposes it do for

Performance evaluation

• Managers are strongly influenced in their decision making by the criteria by which they are

evaluated. Their performance in decision making will reflect expectation. Performance Evaluation

• An employee’s performance appraisal is very much dependent on the perceptual process.
• Although the appraisal can be objective, many jobs are evaluated in subjective terms. Subjective

measures are, by definition, judgmental.

• To the degree that managers use subjective measures in appraising employees, what the

evaluator perceives to be good or bad employee characteristics or behaviors will significantly influence the outcome of the appraisal.

When it is said that organizational change is due to some internal forces then what sort of forces you will recognize that are responsible for this change? 5

Change When we speak of change, we mean an alteration in organization design, strategy or processes, or some other attempt to influence an organization’s members to behave differently. Internal Forces for Change Declining Effectiveness

Company Crisis